Meet the speakers....
Sedation with Remimazolam
MEET JEENA PATEL
Jeena graduated from Liverpool Dental School in 2018. Over the past four years, Jeena has worked in various community dental services across multiple trusts, gaining extensive experience in patient care. Currently, she is training as a Specialty Registrar in Special Care Dentistry at The Royal London Hospital, where she gets to treat a wide range of patients from complex medical histories, the older patient and those with anxieties/phobias who attend the service for dental care. Jeena is particularly passionate about patient comfort, thoroughly enjoys administering IV sedation to help ensure a safe and relaxed dental experience for her patients.
ABSTRACT
Remimazolam, an ultra–short-acting benzodiazepine, is emerging as a valuable alternative to midazolam for dental conscious sedation. With rapid onset, organ-independent metabolism, and predictable recovery, it allows finer control of the sedation window and reduces risks linked to prolonged recovery, is particularly beneficial for older adults, medically compromised patients, and those with complex procedures or failed midazolam sedation.
This presentation reviews local experience with over 250 remimazolam cases, including 80 cases using an infusion pump for real-time titration. Clinical cases highlight its effectiveness in anxious patients, individuals with learning disabilities, and long procedures requiring maintenance sedation.
Attendees will gain insights into dosing strategies, practical considerations, and future directions such as target-controlled infusion and multi-drug protocols, illustrating how remimazolam can enhance efficiency, offer an option to accept dental procedures, and patient comfort in dental sedation practice.
The Toolkit - CBT for Dental Anxiety
MEET JENNIFER HARE
Jen is a Consultant Health Psychologist based within the Dental Psychology Service at Guy’s and St Thomas’s NHS Trust. Jen’s role as clinical lead is to develop the NHS-based service; providing psychological interventions (including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy) to patients with dental phobia and other dental-related issues including chronic oro-facial pain and orthognathic surgical assessments. She has worked across a range of physical health psychology services within the NHS, holding roles in both community and hospital-based dental services. Jen provides teaching to postgraduate dentists and dental professionals in her role with Kings College London. Jen also sits on the Editorial Board for SAAD Digest.
MEET GEANINA BRUJ-MILASAN
Geanina Bruj-Milasan is a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) and Trainee Health Psychologist in the Dental Psychology Service at Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust. She is in the final stages of completing her Doctorate in Health Psychology, specialising in dental psychology.
Geanina joined the service in 2015 as its first CNS, drawing on her background in psychology, teaching, and dental nursing. Her early clinical work encompassed paediatric dentistry and oral medicine, where she supported patients for whom anxiety, phobia, and emotional challenges were especially prevalent. These experiences strengthened her compassion and commitment to understanding and addressing the psychological impact of dental care.
Since completing training in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for dental phobia and counselling foundations, Geanina has applied these approaches across her clinical work. Her doctoral research has supported service development and advanced the evidence base in the field. She has explored the long-term impact of CBT, the facilitators and barriers to accessing primary care dentistry after CBT, and the impact of sexual abuse on oral health, highlighting the importance of trauma-informed principles. Passionate about research, she is dedicated to translating evidence into practice to improve patient care.
Geanina has also played a key role in developing a new dental nursing degree curriculum, particularly in research methods, communication, and special care dentistry.
MEET VERONICA MUNZANDI
Veronica (‘Roni’) Munzandi is a Clinical Nurse Specialist and Oral Health Educator in the Dental Psychology Service at Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust. She joined the service in 2021 after more than 10 years as a dental nurse, during which she supported BDS students and postgraduate trainees across a range of specialisms. This sparked her lasting interest in supporting patients with dental anxiety and complex health needs.
In her current role, Roni supports and delivers interventions for patients receiving Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for dental phobia, drawing on additional training in CBT and person-centred counselling. She works closely with her psychology colleagues to assess patients and devise tailored treatment plans that meet the psychological and medical needs of each individual.
Her practice is trauma-informed, patient-centred, and grounded in compassion. Roni is known for her calm, gentle approach, which helps patients build trust, reduce fear, and re-engage with dental care. Through her expertise and collaborative spirit, she has become an invaluable member of the Dental Psychology Service, exemplifying the impact of integrated psychological support in dental settings.
MEET TIM NEWTON
To follow.
ABSTRACT
Dental anxiety continues to present a significant challenge to patient care, often resulting in avoidance, delayed treatment, and poorer oral health outcomes. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has long been recognised as an evidence-based approach to support patients in overcoming dental phobia and enabling sustainable engagement with treatment. This talk will explore the evolution of psychological management of dental anxiety, focusing on the development of The Toolkit: CBT for Dental Anxiety and our longstanding partnership with the Society for the Advancement of Anaesthesia in Dentistry (SAAD).
The original CBT manual was created in 2008 by the King’s College London (KCL) team, with funding from SAAD, to provide practical behavioural management strategies for use within dental practice. A decade later, following the establishment of the specialist NHS Dental Psychology Service at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, a new SAAD grant enabled the manual to be comprehensively revised and updated. The result was the publication, in September 2023, of a fully re-written 10-chapter edition reflecting the latest research and current clinical practice in CBT for dental phobia.
The new manual provides detailed guidance on assessment, formulation, skill acquisition, behavioural and cognitive interventions, therapy review and ending, supervision, and service development. It is supported by 31 appendices and a library of patient demonstration videos and photographs used in graded exposure work. Each chapter is accompanied by exercises to consolidate learning, designed for use in supervised training or as part of self-directed study (with professional oversight recommended). The manual is available through SAAD and usually forms part of a face-to-face training course delivered by the authors.
In this presentation, we will reflect on the development of the toolkit, the impact of the collaboration between SAAD and the NHS Dental Psychology Service, and the role of these resources in supporting practice change. We will also consider the broader landscape of behavioural management in dentistry, including the publication of the NHS England dental anxiety management guide (2023). Finally, we will look ahead to the future - exploring opportunities for wider implementation, workforce training, and expanding access to evidence-based psychological care for dentally anxious patients.
By charting this journey - from the first toolkit in 2008 to the most recent manual and national guidance - we aim to illustrate the progress made, the lessons learned, and the continuing opportunities to embed psychological care as a routine part of dentistry.
How the patient safety landscape is changing
MEET CLAIRE MORGAN
On qualifying from Guy's Hospital, Claire worked in general and community practice. She then returned to Guys Hospital to complete a Masters in Conservative Dentistry and entered specialist training in Restorative Dentistry. During which time she completed a Diploma in Dental Sedation, and on completion she was appointed locum Restorative Consultant in Special Care at Guys for 9 months.
In 2006 she took up a role as a Consultant in Restorative Dentistry at Barts Health Trust. She helped develop the Oncology service and became Sedation Lead for Dentistry. She introduced training for DCTs in sedation and was Clinical/Educational Supervisor to a number of Special Care Trainee Registrars.
In latter years Claire was appointed Governance lead for Dental/OMFS following a spate of wrong tooth extractions, sparking her interest in Patient Safety which she pursued with a Masters at Imperial College 2018. From there, she became the first Patient Safety Specialist appointed at the Royal London Hospital in 2023 and joined the first cohort of nearly 500 Patient Safety Specialists to undertake NHSE's National Patient Safety Syllabus L3/4 at Loughborough University. Claire sits on the RCS Edinburgh Dental Council and is Deputy Chair for the College's Patient Safety Group, she was also invited to act as Patient Safety Officer for Association of Dental Hospitals.
ABSTRACT
This presentation focusses on How the landscape for Patient Safety is Changing. It should be of interest to all of us as healthcare workers and patients. Example will be drawn on where appropriate from dentistry and sedation. There will be an initial recap on the scale of the problem posed by patient safety in healthcare and it’s impact on society, along with the importance of contextualising patient safety. The 3Is Insight, Involvement, and Improvement from the Patient Safety Strategy will be explored. Learning from Patient Safety Events, the National Patient Safety Syllabus, Checklists, and engaging with Patients and Staff are considered. There will be an update on the replacement of the Serious Incident Framework to the Patient Safety Incident Response Framework in terms of: compassionate engagement, proportionate high quality investigations, systems based approaches to learning, and supportive oversight and improvement. The changing concept of the Never Event will be reflected on. Finally, the underpinning foundations of Culture and Systems will be mentioned. The closing remarks will attempt to focus on the positive future for Patient Safety.
Getting It Right First Time in sedation practice update
MEET LIZ JONES
Liz qualified from Birmingham University and after house jobs in OMFS she was accepted on to the orthodontic specialty training programme in London. Liz was a part time trainee as she raised her family and became consultant orthodontist at West Middlesex Hospital, London. Liz has worked as consultant orthodontist at Kingston Hospital, Ashford and St Peters NHS Trust and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital as part of the cleft and cranio facial team.
Liz was appointed Dean of Postgraduate Dentistry for London in 2003 and during my tenure her was awarded an OBE for ‘Services to Dental Education’ in 2015. She retired in 2017 and was appointed as the GIRFT Clinical Lead for Hospital Dentistry. As GIRFT National Lead for Hospital Dentistry Liz has authored the National Report for Hospital Dentistry (2021), the Sedation Pathway Delivery Guide, ( 2023) and the Community Dental Services: A supplement to the GIRFT National Report on Hospital Dentistry.
ABSTRACT
The Hospital Dentistry national report was published in 2021 following visits to 106 acute trusts at which time metrics were discussed with data taken from HES ( Hospital Episode Statistics. The acute trusts visited were those providing care in one or more of the four main hospital dentistry specialties of Oral Surgery, Orthodontics, Restorative Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry.
Metrics devised for Oral Surgery included activity for common oral surgery procedures with the care setting identified ( outpatient, 0 day length of stay, overnight stay). There was significant variation between trusts in care settings recorded.
The incidence of LA +/- sedation is difficult to identify due to irregular and inconsistent coding ; and trusts are reluctant to start up sedation services in some part due to perverse incentives in payment systems. It is accepted that sedation is preferable to a general anaesthetic and the lack of availability of sedation services should be a concern.
Oral sedative prescribing
MEET ROB EMANUEL
Consultant in Special Care Dentistry.
Rob qualified from Cardiff Dental School in 1993, and after spending five years experiencing a wide range of general dental practice, community dentistry and hospital practice, moved to Sussex to work in the CDS in 1998 where he has practiced ever since.
He prides himself in being a good generalist whilst working in a specialist area of dentistry. Rob has a keen interest in pragmatic treatment planning choices for complex patients; care of the elderly, after completing an MSc in Gerodontology early in his career; and prosthodontics.
More recently he has become involved in research and enjoys considering the question of improving NHS dental care for all patients vulnerable or otherwise. He also enjoys passing on 30+ years of dental experience and encouragement to younger dentists and trainees starting out in their careers.
MEET BRASANYAA RAVEENDRAN
Brasanyaa qualified from the Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London in 2019 and has since completed her dental foundation and dental core training in before embarking on specialist training in Special Care Dentistry with Sussex Community NHS Foundation Trust in March 2023. She has completed dental core training and dental officer jobs in Restorative Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Paediatric and Special Care Dentistry.
Brasanyaa enjoys the clinical aspects of Special Care Dentistry and recently started an honorary placement with King’s College London NHS Foundation Trust to gain further skills in management of complex patients in secondary and tertiary care. Her key area for further development includes conscious sedation for the medical complex patients and is working towards becoming competent in this. Brasanyaa is also a keen emergency dentist in Sussex Community Trust which she enjoys doing as an out of hours hobby due to the nature of diverse problems she is interested in.
During her specialty training, Brasanyaa has been involved in many quality improvement projects which she has presented as poster presentations and completed publications to dental journals. A niche area of interest includes inherited blood disorders such as Thalassaemia and Sickle Cell Disease which she first encountered as a dental core trainee.
ABSTRACT
The attitudes of doctors and dentists to the use of oral sedatives to control anxiety in minor surgical, imaging and dental surgery.
R. Emanuel, B. Raveendran, S. Turkistani, M. Asbury, J. Pateman, P. Patel.
Learning points:
- Both doctors and dentists value small dose sedatives as useful in anxiolysis for anxious patients. However, their current use is for limited circumstances only.
- Both groups report barriers to their use, but these barriers are different for each different professional group.
To improve their future use in dentistry, it was suggested further training and experiential support would be useful.
Dental surgery is a cause of anxiety for many patients as are certain medical procedures. To alleviate anxiety for patients, a small dose of oral sedative can be used. Then again how often are they used in both dental and medical settings, and how do different practitioners, both medical and dental, perceive the benefits and barriers to their use.
The aim of this study was to:
- Explore the attitudes and practices of both dental and medical practitioners regarding using oral sedatives in their day-to-day practice.
- Develop a questionnaire based on the qualitative data to be used in planned future quantitative research.
Methods: Qualitative research methodology using semi structured interviews.
Results: A total of 16 practitioners were interviewed (eight medics and eight dentists). Several themes and sub-themes emerged including similarities and differences between prescribing patterns. The results showed their use was considered advantageous to both groups, but their use was limited to certain circumstances only and routine use was only for very select cases. The barriers to their use were different for both groups but in general they both subjective and practical barriers.
Conclusion: Both professional groups occasionally use oral sedatives to aid in anxiolysis.
Difficult airway assessment and management
MEET ED MCILROY
Newcastle graduate, London Trainee, Devon Anaesthetist would probably cover the important points of my career.
I have been lucky enough to train in acute Trauma centres in both the UK and Australia, have done fellowships in paediatrics (Evelina Hospital, London), Liver transplantation (Royal Free, London) and most pertinently, considering today’s topic, an Airway fellowship in Melbourne. I am airway lead for the Royal Devon and Exeter hospital and have been invited to debate at numerous airway conferences (normally losing) on contentious issues within airway management. I moved to Devon to get on my bike and swim in the sea more often and am the proud (and often tired) father of 2. I have interests in peri-operative medicine, Paediatric Scoliosis surgery and cardiopulmonary exercise testing and have a regular Max-Fax list of dental procedures in those deemed “not fit” for community work. I have come here to scare you…
ABSTRACT
Advances in anaesthetic drugs, monitoring and technology have made delivering what was once a high risk and difficult to titrate “art” into safe and exacting science. However, the clinician’s pre-operative prediction of what might constitute a difficult airway is still 50% sensitive….at best. Serious airway complications have a high incidence of hypoxic brain injury or death (50% of airway closed claims). The increasing incidence of obese, elderly and co-morbid patients in our UK demography means there are more difficult airways are out there. It is increasingly incumbent on the community practitioner to have a good pre-operative assessment (pre-operative airway ultrasound as been an advancement), a tool box of basic and advanced airway skills to manage the expected and unexpected difficult airway and to utilise the advances in airway devices to deliver safe airway management. New basic standards of monitoring and equipment have tried to mitigate what are infrequent, but devastating complications.
I hope to give you a few red flag examination findings, some parameters to work within and give some tips on ways to get your self out of trouble (or avoid it completely).
SAAD Oral Presentation Prize Presentations
A service evaluation of Kent Community Health's 'A Guide to Inhalation Sedation' animation video
Amy Amanfu
MEET AMY AMANFU
To follow.
ABSTRACT
Background: This Quality Improvement Project reviewed the effectiveness of the video - which was designed to help explain Nitrous Oxide Dental Sedation to Paediatric Patients and their Guardians. The video has been recognised as a valuable and accessible tool in improving both parties understanding and expectations of the procedure.
Aims and Objectives:
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the Inhalation Sedation Animation Video
- Confirm that patients have accessed the video prior to undergoing treatment
- Identify any areas of improvement based on Patient and Family feedback
Method:
The Patient and their Guardians were invited to view the Animation Video. This was observed by the treating clinician to ensure continuity across delivery.
Post-treatment, feedback was collected via forms, in which both parties were asked to evaluate their experience. Participants assessed the animation’s accuracy in reflecting their treatment and offered suggestions for refinement. Data were analysed over two cycles (n=30 per cycle), with findings informing ongoing review and refinement.
Results and Recommendations:
Feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with respondents affirming that the Animation increased their preparedness, treatment uptake and accurately reflected their treatment. Suggestions made for improvement included animation style for the older Paediatric Patients and potential language barriers to non-native English speakers.
Sedation Under Scrutiny – A Systems-Based Approach to Reducing Failure and Variation in Conscious Sedation
Vishnu Sri Shanmuganathan
MEET VISHNU SRI SHANMUGANATHAN
Vishnu is a dual-qualified academic surgical trainee. He has held two NIHR Academic Clinical Fellowships in London, with research focused on clinical governance, patient safety and the role of technology and AI in supporting better patient outcomes.
ABSTRACT
Sedation failure seldom results from a single error. More commonly, it arises from a cascade of subtle system weaknesses. This presentation applies a systems-thinking perspective to conscious sedation, examining how factors such as incomplete risk assessment, unclear team roles and communication lapses can undermine patient safety.
Grounded in NHS GIRFT recommendations and cross-disciplinary safety models, the session introduces a practical Failure Mapping Framework—a five-domain tool for identifying vulnerabilities and promoting anticipatory governance across sedation care. The framework spans: (1) pre-procedure planning (2) procedural execution (3) human factors and communication (4) recovery and (5) discharge.
Each domain prompts sedation teams to evaluate workflow friction points, role clarity and debrief consistently using psychologically safe, non-punitive methods. The model is adaptable to both primary care and hospital-based settings, enabling scalable, context-specific improvement.
This presentation encourages teams to shift from reactive troubleshooting to proactive systems literacy enhancing safety, reducing unwarranted variation and aligning sedation delivery with high-reliability healthcare principles.
Weight-loss drugs and sedation
MEET MARYAM ISMAIL
Maryam graduated with a Bachelor of Dental Surgery from the University of Liverpool in 2016. After completing her foundation training, she moved to London where she gained wide-ranging experience across general dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral surgery and special care dentistry. Alongside her clinical roles, she contributed to a nationwide oral health promotion programme through her part-time work with the Office of the Chief Dental Officer for England.
Maryam went on to complete three years of specialty training in Special Care Dentistry at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, during which she successfully obtained the tri-collegiate membership in Special Care Dentistry. She has now completed her training and will be starting as a Specialist in Special Care Dentistry at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and Whittington Health NHS Trust. Her clinical interests focus on the management of medically complex patients and the delivery of intravenous sedation.
Outside of her clinical work, Maryam has volunteered with local community initiatives and international charities to provide dental care to disadvantaged populations in the UK and abroad, reflecting her commitment to improving access to oral health.
MEET JASON HO
Jason graduated from the Leeds Dental Institute in 2013 before going on to do various hospital jobs around West Yorkshire, Bristol and Birmingham.
He is currently a Specialty Dentist with the Birmingham Oral Surgery team and also works as an associate in a referral practice, where his clinical practice includes general dentistry, oral surgery, implant dentistry, and intravenous sedation.
This year, he has been undertaking the kings college London postgraduate diploma in sedation.
ABSTRACT
The expanding use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 receptor co-agonists for obesity and type 2 diabetes presents new considerations for safe dental sedation. While these therapies provide substantial cardiometabolic benefits, their impact on gastric motility, particularly delayed gastric emptying, introduces a potential risk of regurgitation and aspiration during procedures. Recent Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency safety communications, supported by guidance from the Royal College of Anaesthetists, have reported residual gastric contents despite adherence to standard fasting protocols prior to anaesthesia, emphasising the need for careful pre-operative assessment and planning.
In dentistry, conscious sedation with titrated intravenous midazolam remains the mainstay technique. It is valued for its favourable safety profile, preservation of protective airway reflexes and predictable recovery, making aspiration events exceptionally rare. Nonetheless, patients receiving GLP-1 therapies may present additional challenges. Gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting and reflux, combined with rapid weight loss, fatigue and potential nutritional deficiencies, may influence sedation planning and patient response. Awareness of these factors is essential to ensure patient safety.
Recent international guidance advises against the routine discontinuation of GLP-1 therapy prior to procedures, instead advocating an individualised, risk-stratified approach. However, much of this guidance is written from an anaesthetic perspective, with limited consideration of conscious sedation in dental practice. A balanced approach is required that recognises both the very low incidence of aspiration during dental sedation as well as the importance of identifying patients who may warrant additional precautions.
Risk mitigation strategies for dental sedationists should include explicit documentation of GLP-1 or dual agonist therapy during pre-assessment, deferral of elective procedures during periods of dose escalation or in the presence of significant gastrointestinal symptoms and consideration of modified fasting or clear fluid protocols for patients at higher risk. Midazolam should remain the preferred sedative due to its safety margin, with alternative or adjunctive regimens reserved for hospital-based care where additional monitoring and airway support are available.
Further research is required to quantify the true aspiration risk associated with GLP-1 therapies under conscious sedation and to develop evidence-based dental protocols. Clear, dentistry-specific guidance will be crucial to support clinicians in balancing vigilance with proportionality as the use of these agents continues to grow.
Propofol sedation
MEET BRYAN KERR
- Consultant in the Department of Sedation and Special Care Dentistry at Guy's
- Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer at King's College London
- Chief Investigator of Remident, a clinical trial of remimazolam vs midazolam for oral surgery.
- Member of SAAD teaching Faculty
- Past DSTG chair
Qualifications:
BDS (Glasgow)
MSc Sedation and Special Care (KCL)
Current- MD(Res) in neuroscience (KCL)
Specialist interests:
- Sedation for people with complex medical needs
- Sedation for people with learning disabilities
- Providing dental care under general anaesthesia
ABSTRACT
Aim: Overview of propofol and its use in a tertiary referral centre
Objectives:
- Knowledge of propofol pharmacology and delivery
- Understanding of the risks and benefits of intravenous propofol
Abstract: Intravenous propofol for conscious sedation can be a safe and effective technique. There may be some advantages over midazolam for some patients, in certain procedures and where midazolam has failed and a general anaesthetic is not indicated.
We present prospective audit data of around 900 patients and discuss its use in Special Care Dentistry at Guy’s Hospital.